1. Crystal RG. Sarcoidosis. In: Harrison=s Textbook of Medicine, 11th Edition, 1445-1450, 1987.
2. Israel HL, Atkinson GW. Sarcoidosis. Basics of RD 7:1-6, 1978.
3. James DG. Sarcoidosis. Disease-A-Month Feb 2-43, 1970.
4. James DG. The many faces of sarcoidosis. J Irish Med Assoc 67:329-336, 1974.
5. James DG, Williams WJ. Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. W. B. Saunders Co. 1985.
6. James D. G, ed. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, 1994.
7. Johns CJ. Sarcoidosis. Am Rev Med 40:353-371, 1989.
8. Kataria YP. Sarcoidosis: An overview. Clin Notes on Resp Dis 14:1-14, 1975.
9. Mitchell DN, Scadding JG. Sarcoidosis. State of the Art. Am Rev Respir Dis 110:774-802, 1974.
10. Scadding, JG. Sarcoidosis, Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1967.
11. Scadding JG, Mitchell DN. Sarcoidosis. Chapman and Hall, London, 2nd edition, 1985.
12. Sharma OP. Sarcoidosis: Clinical management. Butterworths, London, 1984.
13. Sharma OP. Sarcoidosis. Disease-A-Month. 36:478-535, 1990.
14. Sharma OP, (editor), Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis: Parts One and Two. Seminars in Respiratory Medicine 13:359-423, 425-526, 1992.
15. Sharma OP, ed. Sarcoidosis. Clinics in Chest Medicine Vol. 18, No. 4, 1997.
16. Newman LS, Rose CS, Maier CA. Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med 336:1224-1234, 1997.
17. Mandel W, Thomas JH, Carman CT, McGovern JP. Bibliography on sarcoidosis 1878-1863. U. S. Department of Health, Education and welfare. Public Health Service, 1964. Public Health Service Publication No. 1213. Bibliography series No. 51.
18. Hutchinson J. Case of livid papillary psoriasis. In Illustrations of Clinical surgery. London J and A Churchill Ltd. 1:42, 1877.
19. Besnier ME. Lupus tuberculeux aigu, nodulaire, dissemine. Annales de Dermatologie et de syphiligraphie 10:32-35, 1889.
20. Tenneson H. Lupus Pernio. Ann Derm Syph (Paris) 10:333-336, 1889.
21. Tenneson H. Par M. Lupus Pernio. Ann de Dermatologie et de Syphilipraphie 3:1142-1144, 1892.
22. Hutchinson J. Cases of Mortimer=s Malady (Lupus Vulgaris Multiplex non-ulcerans et non-serpiginosus. Hutchinson=s Clinical Illustrations. Arch. Surg. 9:307-314, 1898.
23. Boeck C. Multiple Benign Sarkoid of the skin. J Cutaneous and Genito-urinary Diseases. 17:543-550, 1899
24. Kiebnbock R. Zur radiographischen Anatomie und Klinik der tuberculosen Erkrankung der Fingerknochen, Asina ventosa.@ Z. Heilk Abt Chirurg 23:186, 1902.
25. Darier J, Roussy G. Des sarcoides sous cutanees. Arch Med Exp D=anat Path 18:1, 1906.
26. Kreibich K. Ueber lupus pernio. Arch Derm Syph (Wien) 71:3, 1904.
27. Jungling O. Osteitis tuberculosa multiplex cystica. Fortschr Kont 27:375, 1920.
28. Schaumann J. Etude sur le Lupus Pernio et ses rapports avec les sarcoides et la tuberculose Ann Dermatol Syphilis 6:357-373, 1916-1917.
29. Schaumann J. Lymphogranulomatosis benigna in the light of prolonged clinical observations and autopsy findings. Br. J. Dermatology and Syphilis. 48:399-446, 1936.
30. Heerfordt CF, Ueber eine AFebris uveo-parotidea subchronica.@ Graefes Arch Clin Exp Opthalm 70:252, 1909.
31. Kuznitsky Von E., Bittorf, A. Boecksches Sarkoid mit Beteiligung innerer Organe. Muenchener Medizinische Wochenschrift. 40: 1349-1353, 1915.
32. Salvesen HA. The Sarcoid of Boeck, a disease of Importance to Internal Medicine. Acta Medica Scandinavica 86, 127-151, 1935.
33. Burman MS, Mayer L. Arthroscopic examination of the knee joint. Arch Surg 32:846-874, 1936.
34. Lofgren S, Erythema nodosum: studies on etiology and pathogenesis of 185 adult cases. Acta Med Scand, Suppl 174:124, 1-197.1946.
35. Ustvedt HJ. Further investigations respecting bilateral hilar adenitis. Acta Medica Scandinavica 132: 415-430, 1949.
36. Lofgren S, Lundback H. The bilateral hilar lymphoma syndrome. A study of the relation to tuberculosis and sarcoiosis in 212 cases. Acta Medica Scandinavica 142:265-273, 1952.
37. Lofgren S. Primary pulmonary sarcoidosis. I. Early signs and symptoms. Acta Med Scand 145:424-431, 1953.
38. Lofgren S. Primary Pulmonary Sarcoidosis II. Clinical course and prognosis. Acta Med Scand 145:465-474, 1953.
39. James DG. Description definition and historic aspects of sarcoidosis. Clinics Chest Med 18:663-679, 1997.
40. Sheffield EA, Williams WH. Pathology. In James DG (ed). Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995, pp. 45-67.
41. Stedman= Medical Dictionary, 26th edition. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995, p. 288.
42. Stedman= Medical Dictionary, 26th edition. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995, p.1179.
43. Stedman= Medical Dictionary, 26th edition. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995, p.743.
44. Epstein WL. Granuloma formation in man. Pathobiologiy Annual 7:1, 1977.
45. Arnoux AG, Reynolds HY. Granuloma formation and fibrosis in sarcoidosis. Clin Dermatol 4:22-34, 1986.
46. Semenzato G. The sarcoid granuloma formation - immunology. State of the art. In: Grassi C, Rizzato G, Pozzi E. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Elsevier Science Publishers BV (Biomedical Division) pp. 73-87, 1988.
47. Basset F, Soler P, Hance AJ. Sarcoidosis - from granuloma formation to fibrosis. State of the art. In: Grassi C, Rizzato G, Pozzi E. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Elsevier Science Publishers BV (Biomedical Division) pp. 235-246, 1988.
48. Weinstock JV. Function and Regulation of Granulomatous Responses (Experimental Granulomatosis) in James DG (ed), sarcoidosis and Other granulomatous Disorders, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994, pp. 99-134.
49. Epstein WL, Fukuyama K. Experimental skin granulomas: Initiation by macrophages and amplification by lymphocytes. In James, DG (ed). Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994, pp.135-152.
50. Kataria YP, Holter JF. Immunology of sarcoidosis. Clinics in Chest Med 18:719-739, 1997.
51. Kveim A. En ny og specifikk kutan-reaksjon ved Boecks sarcoid. Nord Med 9:169-172, 1941.
52. Chase MW. The preparation and standardization of Kveim testing antigen. Am Rev Respir Dis 84:86-88, 1961.
53. Siltzbach LE. The Kveim test in sarcoidosis. JAMA 178:476-482, 1961.
54. Teirstein AS. The Kveim-Siltzbach Test. Clinics in Dermatology 4:154-164, 1986.
55. Cipriani A, Di Vittorio G, Festi G, Tommasini A. Transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In; Grassi C, Rizzato G, Pozzi E. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Elsevier Science Publishers BV (Biomedical Division) pp. 451-452, 1988.
56. Rosen Y, Vuletin JC, Pertschuk LP, Silverstein E. sarcoidosis. From the pathologist=s vantage point. Pathology Annual 14:405-439, 1979.
57. Whitcomb ME, Domby WR, Hawley PC, Kataria YP. The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest 74:205-2081, 1978.
58. Koerner Sk, Sakowitz AJ, Appleman RI, Becker NH, Schoenbaum SW. Transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. New Eng J Med 293:268-270, 1975.
59. Sharma OP. Sherlock Holmes and sarcoidosis. Cardiopulmonary News and Interviews 2:5-14, 1988-1989.
60. Siltzbach LE, James DG, Neville E, Turiaf J, Battesti JP, Sharma OP, Hosoda Y, Mikami R, Odaka M. Course and prognosis of sarcoidosis around the world. Am J Med 57:847-852, 1974
61. James DG, Neville E, Siltzbach LE, Turiaf J, Battesti JP, Sharma OP, Hosoda Y, Mikami R, Odaka M, Villar TG, Djuric B, Douglas AC, Middleton W, Karlish A, Blasi A, Olivieri D, Press P. A worldwide review of sarcoidosis. Ann NY Academy Sci 270:321-339, 1976.
62. Sharma, OP. Overview of sarcoidosis. 1998 National Conference on Sarcoidosis "Comprehending, Coping and Caring for Patients with Sarcoidosis, April 18, 1998, University of Memphis, Fogelman Executive Center, Memphis, TN.
63. Soskel NT, Fox R. Sarcoidosis ... or something like it. So. Med J 83:1190-1203, 1990.
64. Soskel NT, unpublished data, 1998.
65. Sharma OP. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: radiographic features. In:James D. G, ed. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, 1994, pp. 213-245.
66. Lynch JP, III, Kazerooni EA, Gay SE. Pulmonary sarcoidosis. In: Sharma OP, ed. Sarcoidosis. Clinics in Chest Medicine Vol. 18, No. 4, 1997.
67. Soskel NT, Sharma OP. Pleural involvement in sarcoidosis: case presentation and detailed review of the literature. Seminars in Resp Med 1:492-514, 1992.
68. Rosen Y, Moon S, Huang C-t, Gourin A, Lyons HA. Granulomatous pulmonary angiitis in sarcoidosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 101:170-174, 1977.
69. Smith LJ, Lawrence JB, Katzenstein A-L A. Vascular sarcoidosis: a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Med Sci 285:38-44, 1982.
70. Rohatgi PK, Schwab LE. Primary acute pulmonary cavitation in sarcoidosis. Am J Roent 134:1199-1203, 1980
71. Wex P, Utta E, Drozdz W. surgical treatment of pulmonary and pleuro-pulmonary aspergillus disease. WV Med J 89:230-232, 1993.
72. Onal E, Lopata M, Lourenco RV. Nodular pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clinical, roentgenographic, and physiologic course in five patients. Chest 72:296-300, 1977.
73. Tellis CJ, Putnam JS. Cavitation in large multinodular pulmonary disease. Chest 71:792-793, 1977.
74. Stephen JG, Braimbridge MV, Corrin B, Wilkinson SP, Day D, Whimster F. Necrotizing >sarcoidal= angiitis and granulomatosis of the lung. Thorax 31:356-360, 1976.
75. Sharma OP, Newlett R, Gordonson J. Nodular sarcoidosis: an unusual radiographic appearance. Chest 64:189-192, 1973.
76. Romer FK. Sarcoidosis with large nodular lesions simulating pulmonary metastases. An analysis of 126 cases of intrathoracic sarcoidosis. Scand J Resp Dis 58:11-16, 1977.
77. Hamilton R, Petty TL, Haiby G. Cavitary sarcoidosis of the lung. Arch Int Med 116:428-430, 1965.
78. Sharma OP Pulmonary sarcoidosis: radiographic features. In: James DG. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Marcel Dekker , New York, pp. 213-245, 1994.
79. James DG, Upper resiratory tract. In James DG, Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Marcel Dekker , New York, pp. 213-245, 1994.
80. Ting EY, Williams MH, Jr. Mechanics of breathing in sarcoidosis of lung. J Am Med Assoc 192:123-128, 1965.
81. Riley RL, Riley MC, Hill H McD. Diffuse pulmonary sarcoidosis: diffusing capacity during exercise and other lung function studies in relation to ACTH therapy. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 91:345-370, 1952.
82. Zohman LR, Williams MH, Jr. Cardiopulmonary function in pulmonary fibrosis. Am Rev Resp Dis 80:700-704, 1959.
83. Miller A. Teirstein AS, Chuang MT. The sequence of physiologic changes in pulmonary sarcoidosis: correlation with radiographic stages and response to therapy. Mt Sinai J Med 44:852-865, 1977.
84. Miller A, Teirstein AS, Pilipski M, Brown LK. The spectrum of airways obstruction in sarcoidosis. In: Grassi C, Rizzato G, Pozzi E. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Elsevier Science Publishers BV (Biomedical Division) pp. 351-354, 1988.
85. Young RC, Jr, Sahetya GK, Hassan SN, Cobb WB, Kumar B, Facen HT. Chronic airways obstruction in pulmonary sarcoidosis: its poor response to bronchodilators. J Nat Med Assoc 72:965-972, 1980.
86. Matthews JI, Hooper RG. Exercise testing in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest 83:75-81, 1983.
87. Kerley P, The significance of the radiological manifestations of erythema nodosum. Br. J. Radiol 15:155-165, 1942.
88. Kerley P, The etiology of erythema nodosum. Br. J. Radiol 16:199-204, 1943.
89. Roche handbook of differential diagnosis, erythema nodosum, Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ, 1975.
90. Schaumann J. Benign lymphogranuloma and its cutaneous manifestations. Br. J Dermatol and Syphilis 36:515-545, 1924.
91. James, DG. Dermatological aspects of sarcoidosis. Quart J Med 28:109-124, 1959.
92. Bering P. Zur Kentnis des Boeckschen Sarkoids. Dermatol Z. 17:404-412, 1910.
93. Klatskin G, Yesner R. Hepatic manifestations of sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases. A study based on histological examination of tissue obtained by needle biopsy of the liver. Yale J Biological Medicine 23:207-248, 1950.
94. Legrand I, Hassan M, Brauner M. Manifestations radiologiques de la sarcoidose splenique et gastroduodenale. A propos de 2 observations. J Radiol 69:39-43, 1988.
95. Chapelon C, Ziza JM, Piette JC, Levy Y, Raguin G, Wechsler B, Bitker MO, Bletry O, Laplane D, Bousser MG, Godeau P. Neurosarcoidosis: signs, course and treatment in 35 confirmed cases. Medicine 69:261-276, 1990.
96. Sharma OP. Cardiac and Neurologic Dysfunction in Sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 18:813-825, 1997.
97. Delaney P. Neurologic manifestations in sarcoidosis. Review of the literature, with a report of 23 cases. Ann Int Med 87:336-345, 1977.
98. Stern BJ, Krumholz A, Johns C, Scott P, Nissim J. Sarcoidosis and its neurological manifestations. Arch Neurol 42:909-917, 1985
99. Fleming HA. Sarcoid heart disease: a review and an appeal. Thorax 35:641-643, 1980.
100. Flora GS, Sharma OP. Myocardial sarcoidosis: a review. Sarcoidosis 6:97-106, 1989.
101. Porter GH. Sarcoid Heart Disease New Eng J Med 26:13350-1357, 1969.
102. Ratner SJ, Fenoglio JJ, Ursell PC. Utility of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Chest 90:528-533, 1986.
103. Sheffield EA. Pathology of sarcoidosis. In: Sharma OM, ed. Sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 18: 741-754, 1997.
104. Moiseyev SV, Kornev BM, Shatkovsky NP, Eventov AZ, Pisareva NA. Non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Lancet 2:739-740, 1987.
105. Demeter SL. Myocardial sarcoidosis unresponsive to steroids. Treatment with cyclophosphamide. Chest 84:202-203, 1988.
106. Paz HL, McCormick DJ, Kutalek SP, Patchefsky A. The automated implantable cardiac defibrillator. Prophylaxis in cardiac sarcoidosis.
107. Takada K, Ina Y, Yamamoto M, Satoh T, Morishita M. Prognosis after pacemaker implantation in cardiac sarcoidosis in Japan. Clinical evaluation of corticosteroid therapy. Sarcoidosis 11:113-117, 1994.
108. Davis SD, Eidelman S, Loop JW. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine and sarcoidosis. Arch Intern Med 126:668-672, 1970.
109. Munt PW. Sarcoidosdis of the appendix presenting as an appendiceal perforation and abscess. Chest 66:295-297, 1974.
110. Bratkovskii MV, Magalif NI. Sarcoidosis of the stomach. Probl tuberk 12:28-30, 1990.
111. MacRury Sm, McQuaker G, Morton R, Hume R. Sarcoidosis: association with small bowel disease and folate deficiency. J Clin Pathol 45:823-825, 1992.
112. Snook B, Duggan M, Birkett D. sarcoidosis of the pancreas: a case report. Am surg 62:947-948, 1996.
113. Meysman M, Sennesael J, Vanderniepen P, Vanden Houte K, Pierre E, Berbeelen D. Renal failure in sarcoidosis. Case report of granulomatous interstitial nephritis and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 48:115-118, 1993.
114. Tateno S, Kobayashi Y. Renal manifestations in sarcoidosis. Nioopn Rinsho 52:1613-1518, 1994.
115. Coburn JW, Hobbs C, Johnston GS, Richert JH, Shinaberger JH, Rosen S. Granulomatous sarcoid nephritis. Am J Med 42:273-283, 1967.
116. Korzets Z, Schneider M, Taragan R, Bernheim J, Bernheim J. Acute renal failure due to sarcoid granulomatous infiltration of the renal parenchyma. Am J Kidney Dis 6:250-253, 1985.
117. Winnacker JL, Becker KL, Katz S. Endocrine aspects of sarcoidosis. New Eng J Med 427-434, 483-492, 1968.
118. Di Carlo FJ, Jr., Di Carlo JP, Robboy SJ, Lyons MM. Sarcoidosis of the uterus. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113:941-943, 1989.
119. Jamal MM, Cilursu AM, Hoffman EL. Sarcoidosis presenting as acute myositis. Report and review of the literature. J Rheumatol 15:1868-1871, 1988.
120. Silverstein A, Siltzbach LE. Muscle involvement in sarcoidosis. Arch Neurol 21:236-241, 1969.
121. Martenstein, H. Sarkoid Boeck and Lupus pernio. Arch f. Dermat u Syph 147:70-99, 1924.
122. Sokoloff L, Bunim JJ. Clinical and pathological studies of joint involvement in sarcoidosis. NEJM 260:841-847, 1959.
123. Kaplan H. Sarcoid arthritis. Arch Int Med 112:924-935, 1963.
124. Kitridou RC, Schumacher HR. Arthritis of acute sarcoidosis. Arth Rheumatism 13:328-329, 1970.
125. Morrison JGL. Sarcoidosis in the Bantu. Necrotizing and mutilating forms of the disease. Br J Dermatol 90:649-655, 1974.
126. Caplan HI, Katz WA, Rubenstein M. Periarticular inflammation bilateral hilar adenopathy and a sarcoid reaction. Arth and Rheumatism. 13:101-111, 1970.
127. Bunim, JJ, Kimberg DV, Thomas LB, Scott, EJV, Klatskin G. The syndrome of sarcoidosis, psoriasis, and gout. In Int Med 57:1018-1040, 1962. Conference ->no conclusion.
128. Kaplan H, Klatskin G. Sarcoidosis, Psoriasis, and Gout: syndrome or coincidence. Yale J Biol Med 32:335-352, 1960.
129. Hutchinson J. On eruptions which occur in connection with gout. Mortimer's Malady. Arch Surg 9:307-315, 1898.
130. Siltzbach LE, Duberstein JL. Arthritis in sarcoidosis. Clinical Orthopaedics 57:31-50, 1968.
131. James DG, Neville E, Carstairs LS. Bone and Joint Sarcoidosis. Seminars in Arth and Rheumatism 6:53-81, 1976.
132. Schaumann J. Notes on the histology of the medullary and osseous lesions in benign lymphogranuloma and especially on their relationship to the radiographic pictures. Acta Radiologica 7:358-364, 1926.
133. Holt JF, Owens WI. The osseous lesions of sarcoidosis. Radiology 5:11-30, 1949.
134. Teirstein AS, Wolf BS, Siltzbach LE. Sarcoidosis of the skull. New Eng J Med 265:65-68, 1961.
135. Landsberger D, Rav=e D, Friedman G. The skull in chronic sarcoidosis. Postgrad Med J 64:875-877, 1988.
136. Fourestier M, Robert F. Un cas de Maladie de Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann. A localisation vertebrale. Joural de Radiologie 0:361-362, 1949.
137. Goobar JE, Gilmer WS, Carroll D, Clark GM. Vertebral sarcoidosis. JAMA 178:1162-1163, 1961.
138. Bhargava V, Farhi DC. Bone marrow granulomas: clinicopathologic findings in 72 cases and review of the literature. Hematologic Pathology 2:43-50, 1988.
139. Stein GN, Israel HL, Sones M. A roentgenographic study of skeletal lesions in sarcoidosis. Arch Int Med 97:532-536, 1956.
140. Rizzato G, Montemurro L. The Locomotor System. In James, DG, ed. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp. 349-373.
141. James DG, Hosoda Y. Epidemiology. In James DG, ed. Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1994, 729-743.
142. James DG, Neville E, Siltzbach LE, Turiaf J, Battesti JP, Sharma OP, Hosoda Y, Mikami R, Odaka M, Villar ATG, Djuric B, Douglas AC, Middleton W, Karlish A, Blasi A, Olivieri D, Press P. A worldwide review of sarcoidosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 278:321-334, 1976.
143. Hosoda Y, Yamaguchi M, Hiraga Y. Global epidemiology of sarcoidosis. What story do prevalence and incidence tell us? Clinics Chest Med 18:681-694, 1997.
144. Reich JM Sarcoidosis mortality in the United States (editorial). Am J Med 102:131-132, 1997.
145. Gideon NM, Mannino DM. Sarcoidosis deaths in the United States, 1979-1991: an analysis of multiple-cause mortality data. Am J Med 100:423-427, 1996.
146. Perry A, Vuitch F. Causes of death in patients with sarcoidosis. A morphologic study of 38 autpsies with clinicopathologic correlations. Arch Pathol Lab Med 119:167-172, 1995.
147. Karakantza M, Matutes E, MacLennan K, O=Connor NT, Srivastava PC, Catovsky D. Association between sarcoidosis and lymphoma revisited. J Clin Pathol 49:208-212, 1996.
148. Fasano MB; Sullivan KE; Sarpong SB; Wood RA; Jones SM; Johns CJ; Lederman HM; Bykowsky MJ; Greene JM; Winkelstein JA. Sarcoidosis and common variable immunodeficiency. Report of 8 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1996 Sep;75(5):251-61
149. Jefferson M, Smith WT, Taylor AB, Valteris K. A report of two cases of sarcoidosis with bronchial carcinoma Thorax 9:291-298, 1954.
150. Goodbody RA, Taylor AJ. Sarcoidosis and bronchial carcinoma: description of a case. Tubercle 38:419:421, 1957.
151. Ellman P, Hanson A. The co-existence of bronchial carcinoma and sarcoidosis. Br J Tuberculosis and Diseases of the Chest 52:218-221, 1958.
152. Sakula A. Bronchial carcinoma and sarcoidosis. Br J Cancer 17:206-212, 1963.
153. Jorgensen VG. Sarkoidose und Bronchialkarzinom. Tuberkulosearzt 17:708-712, 1963.
154. Brinker H. Sarcoid reactions and sarcoidosis in Hodgkin's Disease and other malignant lymphomata Br J cancer 26:120-128, 1972.
155. Brinker H, Wilbek E. The incidence of malignant tumours in patients with respiratory sarcoidosis. Br J Cancer 29:242-251, 1974.
156. Hunsaker AR, Munden RF, Pugatch RD, Mentzer SJ. Sarcoid-like reaction in patients with malignancy. Radiol 200:255-261, 1996.
157. Reess J, Mauch E, Kornhuber HH. Simultaneous occurrence of sarcoidosis and MS or sarcoidosis within the clinical picture of multiple sclerosis? Nervenarzt 63:503-505, 1992.
158. Overkamp D, Waldmann B, Lins T, Lingenfelser T, Petersen D, Eggstein M. Successful treatment of brain abscess caused by Nocardia in an immunocompromised patient after failure of co-trimoxazole. Infection 20:365-366, 1992.
159. Martenstein H. Knochveranderungen bei lupus pernio. Z Haut Geschlechtskr 7:308, 1923.
160. Robinson RCV, Hahn RD. Sarcoidosis in siblings. Arch Intern Med 80:249, 1947.
161. Scadding, JG, Chapell AG, Sutherland I. Familial association in sarcoidosis. Tubercle 54:87-98, 1973.
162. Evans DJ, Shaw RJ. Genetic Factors. In James, DG, Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders, Marcel Dekker, 1994, New York, pp. 205-212.
163. Headings VE, Weston D, Young RC, et al. Familial sarcoidosis with multiple occurrences in 11 families. A possible mechanism of inheritance. Ann NY Acad Sci 278:377-385, 1976.
164. Rybicki BA, Harrington D, Major M, Simoff M, Popovich J, Jr., Maliarik M, Iannuzzi MC. Heterogeneity of familial risk in sarcoidosis. Genetic epidemiology 13:23-33, 1996.
165. Rybicki BA, Maliarik MJ, Major M, Popovich J, Jr., Iannuzzi MC. Genetics of sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 18:707-717, 1997.
166. Boeck C. Nochmals zur klinik und zur stelung des "benignen miliarlupoids." Arch Dermat Syph (Wien) 121:707-741, 1916.
167. Hunninghake GW, Fulmer JD, Young RC, Jr, Gadek JE, Crystal RG. Localization of the immune response in sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 120:49-57, 1979.
168. Hunninghake G, Gadek J, Weinberger S, Kelman J, Elson N, Young R, Fulmer J, Crystal RG. Comparison of the alveolitis of sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 75 (Suppl 2):266-7,1979.
169. Keogh BA, Hunninghake GW, Line BR, Crystal RG. The alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Evaluation of natural history and alveolitis-dependent changes in lung function. Am Rev Respir Dis. 128:256-265, 1983.
170. Hunninghake GW, Gadek JE, Young RC, et al. Maintenance of granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis by T lymphocytes within the lung. New Eng J Med 302:594, 1980.
171. Semenzato G, Agostini C, Chilosi M Immunology and Immunohistology. In James DG, ed. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994, pp153-179.
172. Hunninghake GW, Crystal RG. Pulmonary sarcoidosis. A disorder mediated by excess helper T-lymphocyte activity at sites of disease activity. New Eng J Med 305:429-434, 1981.
173. Yamaguchi E, Haneda H, Okazaki N, Abe S, Kawakami Y, Nojima T. CD8+ cell-dominant alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest 95:228-231, 1989.
174. Agostini C, Trentin L, Zambello R, et al CD8 alveolitis in sarcoidosis: Incidence, phenotypic characteristics and clinical features. Am J Med 95:466 1993
175. Costabel U, Bross KJ, Matthys H. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: assessment of disease activity by lung lymphocyte subpopulations. Klin Wochenschr 61:349-356, 1983.
176. Semenzato G, Feruglio C, Siviero F, Agostini C, Cipriani A, Garbisa S. Do immunological studies help to define disease activity in sarcoidosis ? Sarcoidosis 6S:38-40, 1989.
177. Lawrence EC, Brousseau KP, Berger MB, et al. Elevated concentraton sof soluble interleukin-2 receptors in serum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in active sarcoidosis. Am rev respir Dis 137:759-764, 1988.
178. Keiche N, Kitamura K, Takaku F, et al. Serum concentration of soluble interluekin-2 receptor as a sensitive parameter o fdisease activity in sarcoidosis. Chest 98:1125-1129, 1990.
179. Muller-Quernheim J, Pfeifer S, Strausz J, Ferlinz R. Correlation of clinical and immunologic parameters of the inflammatory activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 144:1322-1329, 1991.
180. Siltzbach LE: Concepts of sarcoidosis in the light of the Kveim reaction. In Turiaf J, Chabot J (eds): La sarcoidose. Paris Masson & Cie, 1967, p. 201.
181. Black MM, Epstein WL. Formation of multinucleate giant cells in organized epithelioid cell granulomas. Am J Pathol 74:263-270, 1974.
182. Sutton JS, Weiss L. Transformation of monocytes in tissue culture into macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. J Cell Biol 28:303-332, 1966.
183. Takahashi M. Histopathology of sarcoidosis and its immunological bases. Acta Pathol Jpn 20:171-182, 1970.
184. Moller DR. Etiology of sarcoidosis. Clinics Chest Med 18:695-706, 1997.
185. Von Pirquet C. Allergy. Arch Intern Med 7:259-341, 1911.
186. Kataria HP, Holter JF. Cutaneous Anergy. In James DG, ed. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, 1994, pp.181-204.
187. Munro CS, MitchellDN. The Kveim response: still useful, still a puzzle. Thorax 42:321, 1987.
188. Richter J, Bartak F, Halova K. Detection of mycobacteria by fluorescent microscopy in sarcoidosis. In Levinsky L, Macholda F (eds): Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on sarcoidosis. Praha, Universita Karlova, 1971, p. 83.
189. Keogh BA, Crystal RG. Alveolitis: the key to the interstitial lung disorders. (Editorial). Thorax 37:1-10, 1982.
190. Young RC, JR, Headings VE, Bose S, Harden KA, Crockett ED, Hackney RL, Jr. Alpha 1 antitrypsin levels in sarcoidosis: relationship to disease activity. Chest 64:39-45, 1973.
191. Valeyre D, Saumon G, Georges R, Kemeny JL, Bladier D, Amouroux J, Pre J, Battesti JP. The relationship between disease duration and noninvasive pulmonary explorations in sarcoidosis with erythema nodosum. Am Rev Respir Dis 129:938-943, 1984.
192. Weinberg RS, Tessler HH. Serum lysozyme in sarcoid uveitis. Am J Opthalmol 82:105-108, 1976.
193. Almenoff J, Teirstein AS. Clinical significance of serum thermolysin-like metalloendopeptidase and its relationship to serum angiotensin converting enzyme in sarcoidosis. Am J Med 82:33-38, 1987.
194. Lacronique J, Zuzeby A, Valeyre D, Traore BM, Barbosa LA, Soler P, Choudat D, Battesti JP, Touitou Y, Marsac J. Urinary neopterin in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Relationship to clinical and biologic assessment of the disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 139:1474-1478, 1989.
195. Eklund A, Blaschke E. Elevated serum neopterin levels in sarcoidosis. Lung 164:325-332, 1986.
196. Wallaert B, Ramon P, Fournier E, Tonnel AB, Voisin C. Bronchoalveolar lavage, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, and gallium-67 scanning in extrathoracic sarcoidosis. Chest 82:553-555, 1982.
197. Turner-Warwick M, McAllister W. Lawrence R, Britten A, Haslam PL. Corticosteroid treatment in pulmonary sarcoidosis: do serial lavage lymphocyte counts, serum angiotensin converting enzyme measurements, and gallium-67 scans help management?
198. DeRemee RA. The present status of treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a house divided. Chest 71:388-393, 1977.
199. Stone DJ, Schwartz A. A long-term study of sarcoid and its modification by steroid therapy. Lung function and other factors in prognosis. Am J Med 41:528-540, 1966.
200. Young RL, Harkleroad LE, Lordon RE, Weg JG. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a prospective evaluation of glucocorticoid therapy. Ann Int Med 73:207-212, 1970.
201. James DG, Carstairs LS, Trowell J, Sharma OP. Treatment of sarcoidosis. Report of a controlled therapeutic trial. Lancet 526-528, 1967.
202. Israel HL, Fouts DW, Beggs RA. A controlled trial of prednisone treatment of sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 107:609-614, 1973.
203. Johns CJ, Schonfeld SA, Scott PP, Zachary JB, MacGregor MI. Longitudinal study of chronic sarcoidosis with low-dose maintenance corticosteroid therapy. Ann NY Acad Sci 465:702-712, 1986.
204. Zaki MH, Lyons HA, Leilop L, Huang CT. Corticosteroid therapy in sarcoidosis. A five-year, controlled follow-up study. NY State J Med Sept 496-499, 1987.
205. Gallacher SJ, Fenner JA, Anderson K, Bruden FM, Banham SW, Logue FC, Cowan RA, Boyle IT. Intravenous pamidronate in the treatment of osteoporosis associated with corticosteroid dependent lung disease: an open pilot study. Thorax 47:9932-936, 1992.
206. Gonnelli S, Rottoli P, Cepollaro C, Pondrelli C, Cappiello V, Vagliasindi M, Gennari C. Prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with alendronate in sarcoid patients. Calcif Tissue Int 61:382-385, 1997.
207. Erkkila S, Froseth B, Helstrom PE, et al. Inhaled budesonide influences cellular and biochemical abnormalities in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidossi 5:106-110, 1988.
208. Spiteri MA, Newman SP, Clark SW, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids can modulate the immunopathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 2:218-224, 1989.
209. Mathur A, Kremer JM. Immunopathology, musculoskeletal features, and treatment of sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 5:90-94, 1993.
210. Lacher MJ. Spontaneous remission or response to methotrexate in sarcoidosis. Ann Int Med 69:1247-1248, 1968.
211. Fanburg BL. Drug therapy reviews: treatment of sarcoidosis Am J Hosp Pharm 36:351-354, 1979.
212. Towes GB, Lunch JP, III. Editorial commentary: methotrexate in sarcoidosis. Am J Med Sci 300:33-36, 1990.
213. Lower EE; Baughman RP. Arch Prolonged use of methotrexate for sarcoidosis. Intern Med 155:846-51, 1995.
214. McDonald CJ. Use of cytotoxic drugs in dermatologic diseases. II. J Am Acad Derm 12:965-974, 1985
215. Morse SI, Cohn ZA, Hirsch JG, Schaedler RW. The treatment of sarcoidosis with chloroquine. Am J Med 30:779-784, 1961.
216. Chaves AD, Cugell DW, Marks CE, Pierde AK, Ross JC, Utz JP, Young RC Jr, Ziskind MM, Brummer DL. Treatment of sarcoidosis. A statement by the committee on therap of the medical section of the national tuberculosis and respiratory disease association. Am Rev Respir Dis 103:433-434, 1971.
217. Turiaf J, Johns CJ, Teirstein AS, Tsuji S, Wurm K. The problem of the treatment of sarcoidosis: report of the subcommittee on therapy. Ann NY Acad sci 278:743-751, 1976.
218. Kataria YP. Chlorambucil in sarcoidosis. Chest 78:36-43, 1980.
219. Israel HL, McCombBL, Chlorambucil treatment of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 8:35-41, 1991.
220. Jones E. Callen JP. Hydroxychloroquine is effective therapy for control of cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas J Am Acad Dermatol 23:487-489, 1990.
221. Zic JA, Horowitz DH, Arzubiaga C, King LE, Jr. Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis with chloroquine. Review of the literature. Arch Dermatol 127:1034-1040, 1991.
222. Neville E, Mills RGS, James DG. Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract and its relation to lupus pernio. Ann NY Acad Sci 278, 416-426, 1976.
223. Morin G, De Wazieres B, Humbert P, Dupond JL. Value of methotrexate in a case of florid cutaneous sarcoidosis. Ann Dermatol Venereol 120:413-146, 1993.
224. Webster GH, Razsi LK, Sanchez M, shupack JL. Weekly low-dose methotrexate therapy for cutaneous sarcoidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 24:451-454, 1991.
225. Henderson CA, Ilchyshyn A, Curry AR. Laryngeal and cutaneous sarcoidosis terated with methotrexate. J R Soc Med 87:632-633, 1994.
226. Hughes JR, Pembroke AC. Cutaneous sarcoid treated with mepacrine [letter]. Clin Exp Dermatol 19:448, 1994.
227. Volden G, Hudavdelingen, Trondheim.. Effective treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Once a week occlusion therapy with clobetasol propionate and Duoderm. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 112:1272-1274, 1992.
228. Waldinger TP, Ellis CN, Quint K, Voorhees JJ. Treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis with isotretinoin. Arch Dermatol 119:1003-1005, 1983.
229. Barre PE, Gascon-Barre M, Meakins JL, Goltzman D. Hydroxychloroquine treatment of hypercalcemia in a patient with sarcoidosis undergoing hemodialysis. Am J Med 82:1259-1262, 1987.
230. DeSimone DP, Brilliant HL, Basile J, Bell NH. Granulomatous infiltration of the talus and abnormal vitamin D and calcium metabolism in a patient with sarcoidosis: successful treatment with hydroxychloroquine. Am J Med 87:694-696, 1989.
231. O'Leary TJ, Jones G, Yip A, Lohnes D, Cohanim M, Yendt ER. The effects of chloroquine on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. New Eng J Med 315:727-730, 1986.
232. Kataria Y. Rational basis for the treatment of sarcoidosis. 1998 National Conference on Sarcoidosis "comprehending, Coping and Caring for Patients with Sarcoidosis, April 18, 1998, University of Memphis, Fogelman Executive Center, Memphis, TN.
233. Baughman RP, Lower EE. Steroid-Sparing alternative treatments for sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 18:853-864, 1997.
234. Baughman RP. Alternatives to Corticosteroid Therapy. 1998 National Conference on Sarcoidosis "comprehending, Coping and Caring for Patients with Sarcoidosis, April 18, 1998, University of Memphis, Fogelman Executive Center, Memphis, TN.
235. Carlesimo M, Giustini S, Rossi A, Bonaccorsi P, Calvieri S. Treatment of cutaneous and pulmonary sarcoidosis with thalidomide. J Am Acad Dermatol 32:866-869, 1995.
236. Cagnoni ML, Lombardi A, Cerinic MC, Dedola GL, Pignone A. Melatonin for treatment of chronic refractory sarcoidosis [letter] Lancet 346:1229-1230, 1995.
237. Lay information on internet.
238. Dienemann H, Reichenspurner H, Forst H, Reichart B. Isolated lung transplantation. Analysis of 17 consecutive operations. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 31:119:451-457, 1994.
239. Barbers RG. Role of transplantation (lung, liver, and heart) in sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 18:865-874, 1997.
240. Green I. Institutional and patient criteria for heart-lung transplantation. Health Technol Assess May 1-19, 1994
241. Muller C, Briegel J, Haller M, Vogelmeier C, Bittman I, Welz A, Furst H, Dienemann H. Sarcoidosis recurrence following lung transplantation. Transplantation 1996 Apr 15;61(7):1117-1119.
242. Kazerooni EA, Jackson C, Cascade PN. Sarcoidosis: recurrence of primary disease in transplanted lungs. Radiol 192:461-464, 1994.
243. Siltzbach LE. Sarcoidosis: clinical features and management. Med Clin North Am 51:483-502, 1967
244. Mussan, RA, sarcoidosis research supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Research Initiatives at NIH and beyond. National conference on Sarcoidosis. AComprehending, coping and caring for patients with sarcoidosis@ April 18, 1998, University of Memphis, Fogelman Executive Center, Memphis, Tennessee.